Does the question imply that a/the purpose of a discrepancy fee is to cover - or partially cover - the expense that an issuer incurs when notifying a presenter of discrepancy(ies)? Must we assume that a discrepancy fee equates to or necessarily includes the cost of so notifying the presenter? Whethe...

Vin, I can understand the point you make of whether the confirming bank honours/negotiates with or without "recourse" might hinge on the terms of its confirmation agreement with the beneficiary - this assuming that the confirmer clearly states any qualifications to their confirmation to th...

I presume that a) the LC was subject to UCP, b) the data content of whatever documents (invoices, bills of lading, packing list, etc.) comprised the presentation under UCP522 was identical to that in the corresponding documents presented under the letter of credit, and c) the beneficiary of the LC a...