All references are to marginal paragraph numbers, but as regards the bracketed numbers “(4)” denotes Chapter 4 and the number after represents the number of the article of the URDG to which the comment refers followed by the paragraph number of the comment itself. Thus in the entry “(4) 26.10” the number (4) represents Chapter 4, while the number 26.10 is the paragraph number denoting comment 10 to article 26.

A

accessory guarantee see suretyship adherence list, ICC, 80

advance payment guarantee, 3, 90, 180, 234, (4)13.9

advice of guarantee, 150, 184–196, 201– 202, 226, (4)2.10, (4)10.1– (4)10.14, (4)11.18, (4)29.2

advising party, 140, 150, 186, 196, 226, (4)2.2, (4)10.1–(4)10.2, (4)10.4, (4)10.14, (4)11.18, 571

agent, 25, 137, 150, 316, (4)1.7, (4)2.12,

see also advising party

amendment, 96, 196, 210–230, 250, 383–385, 551, (4)4.5, (4)9.2, (4)10.14, (4)11.1–(4)11.24, (4)12.5, (4)23.22– (4)23.23, (4)33.13, 571

amount, 16, 65, 155, 325, (4)1.2, (4)8.5, (4)12.4, (4)17.1, see also variation of amount

apparent authenticity

- advice of guarantee (of), 188– 189, 192, 195, (4)2.10–(4)2.11, (4)10.6–(4)10.7, (4)10.10, (4)10.13

- document (of) see apparent compliance

apparent compliance, 111, 355–356 (4)2.8, (4)2.10, (4)19.1–(4)19.2

appeal bond see court guarantee

applicable law see law

applicant, 150, (4)2.3, (4)2.46 application, 118, 124, 182, 545, 550, (4)2.4, (4)5.4, (4)9.1

application of URDG by incorporation, 62, 64, 67–68, (4)1.1, (4)1.18

arbitral award (as supporting document), 288, 367, (4)15.3 arbitration, 10, 32, (4)35.2

assignment of proceeds, 117, 254, 429– 436, (4)33.20–(4)33.23, (4)34.8, 589

asymmetrical guarantee, 73–74, 95, (4)1.25, (4)1.26

authentication, 143, 273, (4)2.5–(4)2.7, (4)2.9, (4)2.11, (4)2.23, (4)2.32– (4)2.33, (4)2.52, (4)14.15

autonomy of guarantee see

independence of guarantee

availability for presentation see

effectiveness of guarantee

B

Banking Commission, ICC, 337, 391, (4)2.24, (4)24.12

- list of adherence, 80

Basel Accords, 112–114

beneficiary, 150, (4)2.12, (4)3.5

bid bond see tender guarantee

bill of exchange (payment by acceptance of), 81

branches (of guarantor), 141, (4)3.1– (4)3.2, (4)10.3, (4)26.4, (4)29.3

breach of agreement, 5

business day, 375, (4)2.13– (4)2.18

business hours, 263, (4)2.18, (4)14.8

C

capital adequacy see Basel Accords

cash deposit, 4, 44, 141

charges, 106, 112–113, 157, 171, 202–203, 205–208, 249, 484, 562–566, (4)2.19, (4)2.23, (4)4.1, (4)5.4, (4)8.10, (4)11.19, (4)29.2, (4)32.1–(4)32.4, (4)33.17

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choice of jurisdiction see jurisdiction

choice of law see law

claim, 33–37

- in restitution for unjust enrichment, 35, 635–636, 652

- as subrogee, 35–37

- in tort, 33, 35–36, 635

complying demand, 284-312

complying presentation, 255-283

confirmation, 20, 81, (4)1.16

conflicting data, 362-365

consortium see multi-party guarantee

contractual nature (of URDG), 62–64, 68, 69, 82, 83, 147, (4)1.15–(4)1.16, (4)34.10, 644

control, 170-177, (4)4.1-(4)4.6

counter-guarantee

- in general, 20, 29–31 (4)1.5, (4)2.25

- application of URDG, 131, 133, (4)1.18, (4)1.34, see also asymmetrical guarantee

- chain of counter-guarantees, 150, 300, 387, 490, (4)2.25–(4)2.26, (4)15.13, (4)23.24, (4)24.7

- demand, 32, 93, 300–303, 387, (4)15.13–(4)15.17, (4)24.7

- governing law and jurisdiction, 32, (4)34.5–(4)34.6, (4)35.1, (4)35.5

- independence from guarantee, 32, (4)1.27, (4)5.7–(4)5.8, (4)34.6, (4)35.5

- issue, 177, (4)4.6

- structure, 31

- termination, 494, 502, 505, (4)25.1, (4)25.6

- transfer, 237, (4)33.1

- transmission of documents (to instructing party), 423, (4)22.2

counter-guarantor, 140, 150, 407, (4)2.28, (4)2.45, (4)2.47, (4)24.20

course of dealing, 78, (4)1.18

court decision (as supporting document), 288, (4)15.3

court guarantee, 3, (4)1.9

credit default swap (CDS), (4)33.16

credit enhancement guarantee, 3, (4)2.41

currency, 103, 437-451, 517,(4)8.5, (4)21.1–(4)21.11, (4)26.4

custom see trade usage

customs guarantee, 3, 28

D

damages, 33, 324, 398, 406, (4)16.10, (4)24.15

defences (unavailability of), 10, 53, 87, (4)5.5, (4)5.7, see also fraud

demand

- in general, 284–285, 287, (4)2.20, (4)2.29, (4)15.1–(4)15.2

- amount, 350–353, 371, (4)12.3, (4)17.4–(4)17.8, (4)19.14

- counter-guarantee, 300–303, (4)15.13–(4)15.16

- date, 309-312, (4)15.22–(4)15.25

- incomplete see incomplete presentation

- multiple, 69, 100, 297, 325, 326, (4)1.24, (4)15.11, (4)17.1, (4)17.2

- non-complying, 328–329, 421– 422, (4)18.1–(4)18.2, (4)22.7, see also waiver

- partial, 297, 325, (4)15.11, (4)17.1, (4)25.1

- rejection, 225, 298, 327–328, 381, 384–385, 387–391, 406, 422, (4)11.17, (4)15.11, (4)17.3, (4)18.1, (4)20.6, (4)24.1–(4)24.2, (4)24.4–(4)24.5, (4)24.7, (4)24.9, (4)24.19, 570–571

- terms of, 157, 299, (4)8.7, see also supporting statement

- transfer of guarantee, 251, (4)33.18

demand guarantee, 1–11, 286, (4)2.30,(4)15.1

- distinguished from standby letter of credit, 22–23, 142, (4)1.4

- distinguished from documentary credit, 19–20, (4)1.10

- distinguished from indemnity, 18, (4)1.14

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- distinguished from suretyship guarantee, 12–17, (4)1.11–1.13

dépeçage see law

direct guarantee, (4)1.5, (4)1.21

direct-pay standby, 23, 65, 286

discrepancy

- information to the beneficiary see

notice of rejection

- non detection, 330, 356, (4)18.3

- waiver, 118, 322, 329, 381–384, 386–390, 400, 423, 483, (4)15.20, (4)16.8, (4)18.2, (4)23.8, (4)24.1– (4)24.4, (4)24.6–(4)24.9, (4)24.17

DOCDEX, 157, 337, (4)2.24, (4)35.2, (4)35.4, Appendix 4

documentary character (of guarantee), 54, 65, 110, (4)1.2, (4)6.1, (4)13.1

documentary credit, 19–21, 56, 156, 355, 513, (4)1.2, (4)1.10, (4)19.1, (4)19.4, 570–572

documents

- in general, 7, (4)2.31, (4)6.1

- content, 366–399, (4)19.12

- date, 310, (4)15.23

- demand see demand

- electronic, (4)2.5, (4)2.7, (4)2.32, (4)2.52, (4)3.6, (4)24.19

- issuer, (4)3.10–(4)3.11, (4)19.12

- non-required, 223, 341, 346–347, 364–365, 370, (4)11.13, (4)19.10– (4)19.11, (4)19.13

- original, 144–145, 417–418, (4)2.52–(4)2.54, (4)3.6,

- paper, 406, (4)2.8, (4)2.11, (4)2.52–(4)2.54, (4)24.19

- return of, 406, (4)24.19

- supporting document, 288, 303, (4)15.3, (4)15.16, see also supporting statement

- transfer, 252, (4)33.19

domestic guarantee, 3–4, 138, (4)1.6

E

economic sanctions, 116 (4)5.10, (4)26.3, (4)34.7

effectiveness of guarantee, 8, 90, 110, 180–181, 565, (4)4.9–(4)4.10, (4)32.4

electronic guarantee, 143, 175, (4)4.3 electronic presentation

- in general, 98, 146, 269, (4)3.6, (4)14.12

- electronic address, 275, (4)14.16

- format, 270-274, (4)2.32, (4)14.13–(4)4.15

- system for data delivery, 275, (4)14.16

electronic records, 404, 406, (4)2.31, (4)24.19

e-mail, 275, (4)2.6, (4)2.9, (4)14.16

embargo see economic sanctions

entire agreement, 109

entry into effect see effectiveness of guarantee

estoppel, 390, 483, (4)23.8

eUCP, 270, 280, (4)3.6, (4)14.13, (4)14.20

examination of presentation

- force majeure (suspension of examination due to), 515, 519, 527–528, 532, 537, 540–541, (4)26.1, (4)26.5, (4)26.8–(4)26.9, (4)26.12

- standards see standards of examination

- time for examination, 266, 280, 374, 379–380, 388, (4)2.13, (4)14.9, (4)14.20, (4)20.1– (4)20.2, (4)20.4–(4)20.5, (4)24.8

excessive amount (of demand), 350-351, (4)12.3, (4)17.4–(4)17.7

exchange rate see rate of exchange

exclusion of a rule see party autonomy

exemption from liability

- in general, 548, (4)1.30

- acts of another party, 201–203, (4)29.1–(4)29.5

- effectiveness of documents, 155, 408–409, (4)27.1–(4)27.3

- error in translation or interpretation, 199, (4)28.2

- force majeure, 544, (4)26.14

- good faith limit see good faith

- loss, delay, mutilation, error in transmission, 197–198, 426,

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(4)22.6, (4)28.1

- transmission without translation, 200, (4)28.3

expiry

- in general, 493–497, 500, (4)2.34, (4)8.6, 606–610

- counter-guarantee, 32, (4)5.7

- non-business day, 508–509, (4)2.13–(4)2.14, (4)25.5, (4)25.7

- unspecified see open-ended guarantee

expiry date, 263, 496, 510, (4)2.34– (4)2.35, (4)2.36, (4)14.8, (4)25.8

expiry event, 264, 357, 506, (4)2.34, (4)2.39–(4)2.41, (4)2.44, (4)14.8– (4)14.9, (4)19.3

extend or pay

- in general, 94, 118, 124, 454–492, (4)22.4, (4)23.1–(4)23.27, 591

- direct guarantee, 458, (4)23.4

- effect on instructing party, 461–462, 470, 483, 487, (4)23.8, (4)23.11–(4)23.12, (4)23.22

- indirect guarantee, 459, 468–472, (4)23.5, (4)23.12–(4)23.14

- suspension, 118, 461–466, 468–477, 485–486, 491, (4)23.9– (4)23.12, (4)23.15–(4)23.16, (4)23.18, (4)23.25

extension, 212, 222, (4)11.3, (4)11.15,

see also extend or pay; force majeure

F

facsimile signature, (4)2.54

fax, 145, (4)2.9

fees see charges

force majeure, 127, 515, (4)26.1

- in general, 105

- affecting examination, 527–532, 540, (4)26.8–(4)26.9

- affecting payment, 533–536, 540, (4)26.10

- affecting presentation, 523–526, 538–539, (4)26.7

- conditions of, 516–522, (4)26.2– (4)26.6

- under counter-guarantee, 537– 541, (4)26.12

- duty to inform see information duty

- extension, 105, 500, 515, 523– 525, 527, 529, 535, 537–538, (4)25.4, (4)26.1, (4)26.5, (4)26.7, (4)26.12

- under guarantee, 523–536, (4)26.2–(4)26.11

- in ISP, 514, (4)26.1

- resumption of business, 530, (4)26.8

- suspension, 380, 527–528, 540, (4)20.5, (4)26.8, (4)26.12, (4)26.13

- in UCP, 513, (4)26.1

foreign laws and usages, 119, 548, 552– 555, 559–561, (4)1.30, (4)31.1–(4)31.4, (4)31.8–(4)31.10

forgery see fraud

formula (calculation of), 371, (4)19.14 fraud, 6, 32, 83, 105, 125, 202, 301, 356, 408, 422, (4)1.16, (4)5.10, (4)15.14, (4)19.2, (4)27.1, (4)29.2, (4)34.10

G

Global Trade Finance Programme, 3 good faith, 115, 203, 204, 392, 408, 409, 483, (4)29.5, (4)23.8, (4)24.13, (4)27.1, (4)27.2, (4)30.1

governing law see law

guarantee see demand guarantee

guarantee document (intrinsic value of), 496–498, (4)25.2

guarantor

- branches see branches (of guarantor)

- in general, 150, (4)2.43, (4)3.3

- individual, 84, 87

- non-bank see non-bank guarantee

guarantor’s own records, 342, 356–357, 506, (4)2.41, (4)2.44, (4)7.5, (4)13.3, (4)13.7, (4)19.2–(4)19.3

H

hold for value, 287, (4)15.1, (4)15.2

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I

identification of guarantee, 154, 279– 281, (4)8.4, (4)14.19–(4)14.21

illegality

- payment, 416, 439, 441, (4)21.8, (4)26.4

- underlying relationship, (4)5.10

incomplete presentation, 7, 97, 266–268, 298, 460, (4)2.22, (4)14.9– (4)14.11, (4)15.11, (4)23.6

increase of amount see variation of amount

indemnity (to guarantor)

- in general, 545, (4)2.4, (4)2.45

- extend or pay see extend or pay

- force majeure, 542–543, (4)26.13

- foreign laws and usages see foreign laws and usages

- rate of exchange see rate of exchange

indemnity against loss, 15, 18, 66, (4)1.3, (4)1.14

independence of counter-guarantee see counter-guarantee

independence of guarantee, 9–10, 54, 87–88, 108, 110, 112-114, 153, 155–156, 164, 231–232, 338, 471, 484, (4)1.23, (4)1.30, (4)2.30, (4)2.57, (4)5.1–(4)5.6, (4)6.1, (4)7.1, (4)12.1, (4)23.14, 571, 575, 577, 589, 609–610, 615–617, 628, 652–653

index, 232, 343, (4)7.6, (4)13.8 indirect guarantee see asymmetrical guarantee; counter-guarantee information duty

- demand, 313–324, 389, 424, 472– 473, (4)16.1–(4)16.10, (4)22.3– (4)22.4, (4)23.15

- extension, 490, (4)23.24

- force majeure, 524, 539, 542, (4)2.23, (4)26.3, (4)26.7, (4)26.12

- inability or unwillingness to act, 194, 195, (4)10.12, (4)10.13, (4)11.1

- payment, 462, 490, (4)23.17, (4)23.24

- rejection see notice of rejection

- suspension, 462, 470, 472–475, (4)23.10, (4)23.12, (4)23.15– (4)23.16

- termination of guarantee, 510, (4)25.8

- waiver process, 322, (4)16.8

injunction see provisional court measures

instructing party, 150, (4)1.20, (4)2.45– (4)2.48

International Federation of Consulting Engineers (FIDIC), 55, 148, 292, 511, (4)15.6, 599–601

international standard banking practice for the examination of documents under documentary credits, 337, 360, (4)2.24, (4)19.6

international standard demand guarantee practice, 178, 188, 229, 332, 333, 335–337, (4)2.21, (4)2.23, (4)2.24, (4)4.7, (4)12.2, 571

International Standby Practices (ISP98), 63, 142, 363, 514, (4)19.9, (4)26.1, 577–585

interruption of business, 519, (4)26.4

irrevocability, 89, 174, 178–179, 501, (4)4.7–(4)4.8, 571, 589

issue, 169–177, 180, 211, (4)4.1–(4)4.6, (4)11.2, 589

- for guarantor’s own account, 27,

see also two-party guarantee

J

joint venture see multi-party guarantee

jurisdiction, 32, 120, 157, (4)34.2, (4)35.1, (4)35.5–(4)35.6

L

language, 157, 282, 373, (4)8.9, (4)14.22, (4)19.16 law

- applicable law, 32, 82, 83, 120, 125, 431, (4)1.15–(4)1.16, (4)3.2, (4)5.9, (4)33.22, (4)34.1– (4)34.11, 587, 589, 593, 607–610

- dépeçage, (4)34.4

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- foreign law, 119, 548, (4)1.30, (4)31.1–(4)31.3, (4)31.7– (4)31.10, 552–554

- mandatory law, 82, 83, 125, 203, 552, 556–558, (4)12.6, (4)29.2, (4)29.5, (4)31.1, (4)31.5–(4)31.7, (4)34.7, (4)34.10, (4)35.6, 593

- non-national legal rules, (4)34.3

liability (extent of guarantor’s), (4)12.1, (4)12.2, (4)12.5, see also exemption from liability

liability for charges see charges

M

maintenance guarantee see warranty guarantee

mandatory law see law

model forms for issuing demand guarantees, 88, 152, 161–163, (4)1.17,

Appendix 1

modification of a rule see party

autonomy

money laundering, 116, 244

multi-party guarantee, 24–26, 137, (4)1.16, (4)1.7

multiple applicants see multi-party guarantee

multiple beneficiaries see multi-party guarantee

multiple demands see demand

multiple transfers, 253

N

non-bank guarantee, 139, 140, 184, (4)10.1

non-documentary conditions, 8, 71, 110, 334, 338–349, 356–357, 365, 506, (4)2.21, (4)2.44, (4)7.1–(4)7.10, (4)19.2–(4)19.3, (4)19.11, (4)25.6, 571

non-national legal rules see law

notice of rejection, 92, 374, 391–398, 400–405, (4)20.1, (4)20.2, (4)24.10– (4)24.15, (4)24.17–(4)24.18, 591

O

“on its face” see apparent compliance

open-ended guarantee, 126, 157, 493, 501–504, (4)2.37, (4)25.5–(4)25.6

opinions of the ICC Banking Commission, 337, 391, (4)2.24, (4)24.12

Organization for the Harmonization of Business Law in Africa (OHADA), 55, 84, 87, 148, 597, 598

original documents, 144–145, 417–419, (4)2.52–(4)2.54, (4)3.6, Appendix 3

P

paper presentation, 99, 276–277, (4)4.17–(4) 14.18

parent company guarantee, 3, 139

partial demand see demand

partial transfer, 253, (4)33.8

partnership see multi-party guarantee party autonomy, 69–71, 304–308, (4)1.19, (4)1.23–(4)1.24, (4)15.17– (4)15.19

“pay first, argue later”, 52

pay or extend see extend or pay

payment

- in general, 410–414

- acceptance or negotiation of drafts, 129, 142, 585

- delay, 301, 412–413, 427–428, 491, (4)15.14, (4)20.7–(4)20.8, (4)22.8

- force majeure, 511, 511–544, (4)26.1–(4)26.14

- information about, 424, 462, (4)22.4, (4)23.24

- non-complying demand, 329, 330, (4)18.2–(4)18.3

- place for, 415-416, (4)3.2, (4)20.10–(4)20.11

- under reserve or against indemnity, 386, (4)24.6

- suspension see suspension

payment guarantee, 3

performance guarantee, 3

perpetual commitment see open-ended guarantee

[Page503:]

porte-fort, 18

preclusion, 266, 392, 395, 403-405, 483, (4)14.9, (4)23.8, (4)24.10, (4)24.13, (4)24.18

presentation

- complying, 332-335, (4)2.21– (4)2.22, (4)12.2

- demand (of) see demand

- electronic see electronic presentation

- force majeure, 513, 515, 519, 523–526, 537, 541, (4)26.1, (4)26.3, (4)26.7, (4)26.12

- form, 278, (4)14.18

- in general, 256, (4)2.49–(4)2.50, (4)14.1–(4)14.2

- incomplete see incomplete presentation

- linkage to the guarantee see identification of guarantee

- paper see paper presentation

- place for, 259, 261, 520, (4)3.2, (4)14.5, (4)14.7

- presenter, 256-260, 397, (4)2.51, (4)14.2–(4)14.6, (4)24.14

- time, 259, 262–265, (4)14.5, (4)14.8

prime bank investment fraud, 116, 248

Principles of European Contract Law, 444, 511, (4)21.11, (4)34.3

provisional court measures, 83, 125, 319–320, (4)1.16, (4)16.6, 593–595, 626–627

R

rate of exchange, 448–453, (4)21.11– (4)21.12

reduction of amount see variation of amount reference to the underlying relationship

see underlying relationship

reimbursement see indemnity against loss

reinsurance guarantee, 3

rejection

- amendment (of), 213, 215, 217– 219, 227, 229, (4)11.5–(4)11.7, (4)11.9–(4)11.13, (4)11.22, (4)23.23

- demand, 225, 298, 327, 328, 381, 384–385, 387–391, 406, 422, (4)11.17, (4)15.11, (4)17.3, (4)18.1, (4)20.6, (4)24.1–(4)24.2, (4)24.4–(4)24.5, (4)24.7, (4)24.9, (4)24.19, see also notice of rejection

- guarantee (of), 179, 495, (4)4.8, (4)25.2

remedy see claim

representation, 193

resumption of business see force majeure

retention money guarantee, 3

risk participation, 3, 24, 26

risk-weighting, 112–114

S

scope of URDG, 65–66, 71, 128–129, (4)1.1–(4)1.3, (4)34.10

second advising party, 150, 185, 196, (4)2.2, (4)10.2–(4)10.3, (4)10.10

separateness of demands, 101, 328-330, (4)18.2–(4)18.3

set-off, 238, 430, 432, (4)5.6, (4)5.9, (4)33.5, (4)33.21

signature

- electronic signature, (4)2.5, (4)2.9, (4)2.52

- facsimile signature, (4)2.54

- in general, 366, 368, (4)2.8, (4)2.52, (4)19.12

- transfer of guarantee, 251-252, (4)33.18, (4)33.19

stamp, 372-373, (4)19.15–(4)19.16

standards of examination

- in general, 102, 333–334, 358, (4)2.23, (4)19.4, (4)27.3

- apparent compliance see apparent compliance

- consistency of documents, 102, 361-365, (4)7.8–(4)7.9, (4)15.21, (4)19.7–(4)19.12

- strict compliance see strict compliance principle

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standby letter of credit, 4, 22, 23, 142, 363, (4)1.4, (4)2.27, (4)19.9, 583

statement of breach see supporting statement

strict compliance principle, 359-360, (4)19.5–(4)19.6

sub-contract guarantee, 3

subrogation see claim

supporting statement, 52, 54, 71, 73, 93, 155, 251, 289–309, 311–312, 334, 356, (4)1.23, (4)2.21, (4)2.31, (4)2.55, (4)2.57, (4)8.7, (4)15.4–(4)15.12, , (4)15.14–(4)15.15 (4)15.17–(4)15.20, (4)15.22, (4)15.24, (4)19.2, (4)33.18, 591, 634

suretyship, 8, 12–14, 17, 32, 65–66, 71, 87, 112–114, 155–156, 163–164, 166, 290, 338, (4)1.2–(4)1.3, (4)1.11– (4)1.13, (4)1.23, (4)5.2–(4)5.3, (4)7.1, (4)7.10, (4)8.3, 574, 589

suspension

- extend or pay see extend or pay

- force majeure

see force majeure

SWIFT, 145, 176, 270, 275, (4)1.33, (4)4.4, (4)14.13, (4)14.16

syndication see multi-party guarantee

T

tender guarantee, 3, 124, 293, (4)2.40, (4)2.56, (4)5.1, (4)15.7

termination, 104, 124, 126, 494–495, 498–499, 510, (4)25.2–(4)25.3, (4)25.8, 589, see also expiry

termination of underlying relationship, 53, 624–625

terrorism financing, 116, 244

tort see claim

trade usage (application of URDG as), 76, 77, 79, (4)1.18, 606, 651

transfer, 107, 116–117, 230, 237–254, 429, (4)2.57, (4)11.23, (4)33.1– (4)33.20, (4)34.8, 571, 589

transition (to URDG 758), 68, (4)1.32–(4)1.34

translation see exemption from liability

transmission of documents, 197–198, 200, 410, 417–428, (4)1.30, (4)22.1– (4)22.2, (4)22.4–(4)22.6, (4)22.8, (4)23.10, (4)23.12, (4)23.17, (4)28.1, (4)28.3, 467, 470, 548

tripartite agreement, (4)2.48 tripartite indemnity agreement see indemnity against loss

trustee see agent

two-party guarantee, 27, 135, (4)1.8, (4)2.28

U

underlying relationship, (4)2.56

- definition, (4)2.56–(4)2.57

- non-contractual, 28, (4)1.9

- reference to the underlying relationship, 13, 154–156, (4)1.12, (4)5.2–(4)5.3, (4)8.2– (4)8.3

undertaking, 193

unfair demand, 6, 32, 48, 53, 116, 287, 290, (4)15.2, (4)15.4, 593–595

Unidroit Principles of International Commercial Contracts, 444, 511, (4)21.7, (4)34.3

Uniform Act on Secured Transactions, 55, 84, 87, 148, 597, 598

Uniform Customs and Practice for Documentary Credits (UCP), 54, 63, 513, 569–572, 601

Uniform Rules for Contract Bonds (URCB), 63, 573-574

Uniform Rules for Contract Guarantees (URCG), 45–47, 49, 63, 575–576

United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UN), 55, 148

United Nations Convention on Independent Guarantees and Stand-by Letters of Credit, 6, 63, 79, 125, 503– 504, (4)4.1, (4)25.5, 586–596

URDG Publication No.458, 38, 50–57, 61

- revision of URDG, 58–60 usage

see trade usage

V

variation of amount - in general, 32, 157, 221, 231, 343,

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(4)7.6, (4)11.14, (4)13.1

- increase, 234-236, (4)2.51, (4)13.9–(4)13.11

- reduction, 91, 232-233, (4)2.51, (4)13.3–(4)13.8, (4)25.1

W

waiver (of discrepancies), 118, 322, 329, 381–384, 386–390, 400, 423, 483, (4)15.20, (4)16.8, (4)18.2, (4)23.8, (4)24.1–(4)24.4, (4)24.6–(4)24.9, (4)24.17

warranty guarantee, 3

withdrawal of demand, 328, 478, 482, 492, (4)17.3, (4)18.1, (4)23.19, (4)23.27

without delay standard, 321, 400, 402, (4)9.3, (4)16.1, (4)16.7, (4)24.17

World Bank, 3, 55, 148, 292, (4)15.6, 598, 602

[Page506:]

Mon Dieu ! l’étrange embarras qu’un livre à mettre au jour, et qu’un auteur est neuf la première fois qu’on l’imprime ! Encore si l’on m’avait donné du temps, j’aurais pu mieux songer à moi, et j’aurais pris toutes les précautions que messieurs les auteurs, à présent mes confrères, ont coutume de prendre en semblables occasions. Outre quelque grand seigneur, que j’aurais été prendre malgré lui pour protecteur de mon ouvrage, et dont j’aurais tenté la libéralité par une épître dédicatoire bien fleurie, j’aurais tâché de faire une belle et docte préface; et je ne manque point de livres qui m’auraient fourni tout ce qu’on peut dire de savant sur la tragédie et la comédie, l’étymologie de toutes deux, leur origine, leur définition, et le reste. J’aurais parlé aussi à mes amis qui, pour la recommandation de ma pièce, ne m’auraient pas refusé ou des vers français, ou des vers latins. J’en ai même qui m’auraient loué en grec; et l’on ignore pas qu’une louange en grec est d’une merveilleuse efficace à la tête d’un livre.

Préface de Molière

Les précieuses ridicules (1659)